The UK immigration system: under or out of control?

The UK Government recently released “Restoring control over the immigration system: White Paper.” A ‘White Paper’ is a non-binding document issued by a Government to provide notice of its intentions to change policy or publish legislation. This White Paper addresses changes to the UK’s immigration system. Among the many, some controversial, changes, were significant changes for businesses in the UK which hire foreign workers. The White Paper includes proposals to:

Lift the level for skilled workers up to (Regulation Qualification Framework)  RQF 6 and above, and to lift salary thresholds;A degree-level qualification will now be required for a Skilled Worker visa, essentially repurposing this route to address graduate-level roles. occupations below RQF 6 must be listed on the new Temporary Shortage List to provide time limited access to the Points-Based immigration system;The Immigration Salary List will be replaced by the new Temporary Shortage List, over which we have little detail regarding how ‘shortages’ will be identified. restricting employers’ sponsoring skilled visas if they are not ‘committed’ to increasing domestic skills training;The Government will require employers in industries which heavily recruit overseas to demonstrate how they are committed to creating the skill base they need within Britain. increase the Immigration Skills Charge by 32%; andThe already expensive Immigration Skills Charge increasing will affect the economics of hiring lower-paid workers. increase language requirements for Skilled Workers from B1 to B2 (Independent User) and introduce a new A1 (Basic User) requirement for all dependants of workers.Delays to planned hires can be expected while waiting for new hires and their dependents reaching the requisite level of English.

These non-binding proposals are subject to approval via the UK’s political processes. Whether or not all of the proposals mentioned pass, it is likely that the immigration system in the UK is likely to tighten across the next four years of this Government’s tenure. The Labour Government faces threats from other political parties with strong anti-immigration messaging and this White Paper may be seen as the Government’s defence against them. The Government and the Prime Minister have been accused of lacking a clear ideology, or indeed having any good ideas, about how to improve the quality of life in Britain. The strength of these proposals for the Government lies in their political value – the extent to which politics continues to foster anti-immigrant sentiment in the UK is likely the extent to which we will see these changes come to pass.

An interesting counterpoint to this is the news that the new UK-EU deal may include a ‘youth experience scheme.’ Under the proposals, people between 18 and 30 years old will be able to work throughout the EU and UK for up to two years.

More than anything else, this likely signals the ideological confusion at the heart of the British Government – commercial certainty is unlikely to materialise any time soon.

BANKING AND FINANCE

The Venezuelan Central Bank (VCB) established the interest rates applicable to the obligations derived from employment relationships (59.36% and 47.68% - March 2025) and to operations with credit cards (60.00% annual maximum lending rate and 17.00% annual minimum lending rate April 2025). (Official Gazette of 04/14/2025. Official Notice. Entry into force: Upon publication in the Official Gazette).

The Ministries of the Popular Power for National Trade and for Electric Energy issued the following resolutions:

Joint Resolution No. 006/2025 and 013/2025 that establishes the technical regulations on energy efficiency labeling of refrigerating and freezing appliances for household use. Joint Resolution No. 007/2025 and 014/2025 that establishes the technical regulations on energy efficiency labeling of air conditioners.(Official Gazette of 04/02/2025. Entry into force: As from six (6) months following its publication in the Official Gazette).

TAX

The Ministry of the Popular Power for Economy and Finance resolved to delete Complementary Note 3 of Chapter 87 of article 37 of Decree No. 4.944, dated 04/24/2024, published in Official Gazette No. 6.804 Extraordinary of 04/25/2024, through which the Schedule of Customs Duties was issued. Therefore, in the case of the importation of motor vehicles and chassis with engine and of motor vehicles with no engine, the requirement of Conformity of the Mobile Source Emission Certificate and of Mobile Source Emission Certificate, respectively, was removed. (Official Gazette of 04/14/2025. Resolution No. 010/2025. Entry into force: Upon publication in the Official Gazette).

MISCELLANEOUS

The Ministry of the Popular Power for National Trade issued Resolution No. 019/2025 that establishes the technical regulations on raw material for footwear. (Official Gazette of 04/04/2025. Entry into force: As from six (6) months following its publication in the Official Gazette).

The Ministries of the Popular Power for Productive Agriculture and Lands, for Defense, for Hydrocarbons, for Internal Affairs, Justice and Peace, and for Transportation issued a joint resolution that establishes the control mechanisms for carriers and end users of mineral or chemical fertilizers in the national territory. (Official Gazette of 04/23/2025. Joint Resolution DM/No. 031/2025, DM/No. 059115/2025, DM/No. 003-2025/2025, DM/No. 018/2025, DM/No. 0020/2025. Effectiveness: From 04/01/2025 up to and including 03/31/2026).

The Ministry of the Popular Power for Transportation established the minimum and maximum rates for urban transportation service. Likewise, it established the maximum official rate for suburban routes nationwide to be charged by the providers of the public service of ground passenger transportation. The Official Request published in Official Gazette of 11/22/2024 was revoked. (Official Gazette of 04/24/2025. Official Request and Resolution No. 021. Entry into force: Upon publication in the Official Gazette).

Grimaldi Alliance (GA), the international law and tax firm with 12 offices across Italy and a direct presence in New York, Lugano, Brussels, London, and Paris – supported by a network of professionals operating in over 70 jurisdictions and led by Managing Partner Francesco Sciaudone - is further strengthening its presence in Switzerland through the addition of the law firm Germann Avocats.

Founded in Geneva in 2000, Germann Avocats is a prominent player in the Swiss legal market, boasting an experienced team that advises private clients, SMEs, start-ups, major Swiss and international companies, public institutions, and non-governmental organizations. Its areas of expertise include corporate, administrative, and contract law, data protection, unfair competition, public procurement, migration law, intellectual property, M&A transactions, as well as litigation and mediation.

“With the addition of Germann Avocats, we aim to consolidate GA’s presence in Switzerland, now extending beyond Lugano to include Geneva and Zurich, in both legal and tax matters. Together with Christophe Germann and his team – and our Gianvirgilio Cugini in Lugano – our goal is to provide comprehensive full-service support for the Swiss market, in Lugano, Zurich, and Geneva, in Italian, French, and German,” said Francesco Sciaudone, Managing Partner of GA.

TRUMP’S NEW TARIFF POLICY: GLOBAL IMPACTS AND TAX IMPLICATIONS

Donald Trump’s return to the presidency of the United States in January 2025 was marked by significant changes in American trade and tax policies. Continuing its protectionist approach, the Trump administration has implemented a series of sweeping tariff measures that have profoundly impacted global trade. 

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TRADEMARK REGISTRATION IN THE USA: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW TO PROTECT YOUR BRAND IN THE AMERICAN MARKET

Expanding your company to the United States can be a fundamental step towards the global growth of your business. But before you start selling or providing services in the country, it’s essential to ensure your brand is protected. In this article, you will understand what trademark registration in the USA is, why it is important, how the process with the USPTO works and how Drummond Advisors can help you on this journey.

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ESTIMATED TAX FOR INDIVIDUALS  

Estimated tax is a form of tax prepayment levied on income that does not have tax withheld at source. This is the case, for example, for self-employed professionals, independent contractors, investors, rental property owners, among others.

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TRUMP ADMINISTRATION UPDATES: U.S. AND BRITAIN HAIL BENEFITS OF TRADE AGREEMENT

Britain trade deal: President Trump said Britain had agreed to increase market access for billions of dollars in American exports, including beef, ethanol and other farm products under a new trade deal — but many of the details are being left to get worked out later. The agreement would pare back tariffs Mr. Trump imposed on British steel, aluminum and automobiles. 

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COULD BRAZIL BENEFIT FROM TRUMP'S TARIFF HIKE?

Fears that Brazil would be one of the main targets of Donald Trump 's government's global tariff hike gave way to some relief after the White House placed the country on the lowest extra import tax (10%).

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PROJECT INCREASES ANNUAL REVENUE LIMIT FOR STARTUPS TO R$50 MILLION

Complementary Bill 226/24 allows companies with annual revenues of up to R$50 million to be classified as startups . The Chamber of Deputies is analyzing the proposal, which changes the legal framework for startups and innovative entrepreneurship.

Source: Agência Câmara de Notícias

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UNEMPLOYMENT IN BRAZIL HITS LOWEST LEVEL SINCE 2012

The unemployment rate in Brazil rose to 7% in the first quarter of 2025, leaving around 7.7 million people out of the job market. Despite the increase, this is the lowest rate for the period since 2012, as reported by the IBGE.

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On 9 April 2025, the European Commission presented the AI Continent Action Plan to make EU a world leader in artificial intelligence (AI). The idea was first shared by President Ursula von der Leyen at a major AI summit in Paris earlier this year but now we have the details.

The Action Plan rests on five pillars: infrastructure, data access, adoption in key sectors, talent development and regulatory simplification. Together, they form a comprehensive roadmap for strengthening the EU’s position in the rapidly evolving global AI landscape.

A closer examination of these pillars reveals further details.

Building a large-scale AI data and computing infrastructure

Key takeaway:

13 AI Factories are already under deployment across Member States. EU will also help establishing up to 5 AI gigafactories with approximately 100,000 state-of-the-art AI chips, four times more than current AI factories. InvestAI will mobilise €20 billion in public-private investment to build up to 5 Gigafactories. Call for Expression of Interest was launched for potential consortia and will close on 20 June.

At the heart of the plan is a significant investment in AI infrastructure. The EU is setting up AI Factories next to Europe’s most powerful supercomputers. These centres will help startups, researchers, and businesses build AI systems and test new ideas.

The Commission also wants to build AI Gigafactories. These will have around 100,000 advanced AI chips, four times more than the AI Factories, and the goal is to train the most powerful AI models in the world. The EU will invest €20 billion to support up to five of these new Gigafactories. A call for expression of interest for interested consortia was published and will be open until 20 June 2025, 17h00.

This physical expansion will be accompanied by a new legislative proposal: the Cloud and AI Development Act for which a public consultation is currently open (see the following section "Next Steps" for further details and in “Useful links” for the link). The goal is to at least triple the EU's data centre capacity in the next five to seven years, prioritising highly sustainable data centres.

Increasing access to large and high-quality data

An important element of the Action Plan is the creation of Data Labs, bringing together and curating large, high-quality data volumes from different sources in AI Factories. A comprehensive Data Union Strategy will be launched in 2025 to create a true internal market for data that can scale up AI solutions.

Developing algorithms and fostering AI adoption in strategic EU sectors

Despite growing interest in AI, only about 13.5% of European companies currently use AI technologies. To close this gap, the Commission will soon launch the Apply AI Strategy, which will promote its industrial use and full adoption in EU strategic public and private sectors.

Strengthening AI skills and talents

To meet rising demand for AI talent, the Commission will facilitate international recruitment of highly skilled AI experts and researchers through initiatives such as the Talent Pool, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action ‘MSCA Choose Europe' and AI fellowships schemes offered by the upcoming AI Skills Academy. These actions will empower both young professionals and experienced workers to take part in Europe’s AI future while creating legal pathways for highly skilled migrants in this field.

Regulatory simplification

The Commission will also launch the AI Act Service Desk, to help businesses comply with the AI Act. It will serve as the central point of contact and hub for information and guidance on the AI Act.

NEXT STEPS

To further shape these initiatives, the Commission opened also two public consultations, running until 4 June 2025:

A public consultation where anyone interested can share their views on the Cloud and AI Development Act. The Commission would like to gather different stakeholder views on the EU’s capacity in cloud and edge computing infrastructure, especially in light of increasing data volumes and demand for computing resources. A public consultation on Apply AI to identify stakeholder priorities, challenges to the uptake of AI, and the relevance of proposed solutions and policy approaches, including additional measures to ensure an easier application of the AI Act.

A third public consultation on Data Union Strategy will be launched in May.

In parallel, the Commission will organise dialogues with industry representatives and the public sector to help shape the Apply AI Strategy.

Commission tech chief Henna Virkkunen said the EU is “committed” to the act’s main goals but said the Commission is looking into the “administrative burden” and considering “some reporting obligations we could cut.”

BACKGROUND

The AI Continent Action Plan builds on a series of recent policy milestones, including the enforcement of the AI Act and the launch of InvestAI. These initiatives are aimed at making the EU digitally competitive in a short time, as it needs to catch up compared to its competitors.

The EU AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, aims to establish a legal framework for artificial intelligence (AI) in the EU and is the first regulation in the world to address AI in this comprehensive manner. It seeks to ensure that AI is used safely, ethically, and transparently while fostering innovation. The Act categorizes AI systems into four risk levels, imposing stricter requirements for higher-risk systems. These include data quality, transparency, accountability, and human oversight. At the Artificial Intelligence Action Summit in Paris (Feb 11, 2025), Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has launched InvestAI, an initiative to mobilise €200 billion for investment in AI, including a new European fund of €20 billion for AI gigafactories. This large AI infrastructure is needed to allow open, collaborative development of the most complex AI models and to make Europe an AI continent.  

SUSTAINABILITY OBLIGATIONS ON HOLD: “STOP THE CLOCK” DIRECTIVE (2025/794/EU) PUBLISHED

On 16 April 2025, Directive (EU) 2025/794 was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The text represents the first revision procedure introduced under the Omnibus I Package.

The directive, which will enter into force the day after its publication in the Official Journal, had been adopted without amendments on 14 April by both the European Parliament (under the urgent procedure) and the Council of the EU—reflecting a shared political will to provide greater legal certainty for businesses regarding sustainability reporting and due diligence obligations.

Commonly referred to as the “Stop the Clock” Directive, the measure postpones the deadlines for transposing and applying certain obligations set out under two key pieces of EU legislation:

Directive (EU) 2022/2464 (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive – CSRD); and Directive (EU) 2024/1760 (Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive – CSDDD),

which together form the legislative framework addressing sustainability, non-financial reporting obligations, and the duty of due diligence for companies operating within the EU.

Specifically, the Parliament and Council endorsed the Commission’s proposal to defer the following:

two years, the application of CSRD reporting requirements for large companies which have not yet begun reporting, and for listed SMEs.

As a result, large companies with more than 250 employees will now be required to report for the first time on their environmental and social measures in 2028 (instead of 2026), referring to the previous financial year. Listed small and medium-sized enterprises will be required to report a year later.

one year, the transposition deadline and the first phase of CSDDD application for large companies.

EU Member States will now have until 26 July 2027 to transpose the directive into national law. The one-year deferral will also apply to: EU-based companies with over 5,000 employees and a net worldwide turnover exceeding €1.5 billion, and to non-EU companies with turnover generated within the EU above the same threshold, which will now be required to comply with the rules from 2028, instead of 2027. The same timeline applies to EU companies with more than 3,000 employees and a net turnover above €900 million, and non-EU companies exceeding that threshold in turnover generated within the EU.

The directive also specifies that Member States are required to comply with its provisions by 31 December 2025, and to promptly inform the European Commission thereof.

It is worth noting that only the deadlines have been changed while the substance of the CSRD and CSDDD remains unchanged.

Background

In October 2024, the European Council called on all institutions to advance work in response to the challenges identified in the reports by Enrico Letta ("Much more than a market") and Mario Draghi ("The future of European competitiveness"). In the Budapest Declaration of 8 November 2024, it was specifically requested to launch a simplification revolution in order to ensure a clear, simple and smart regulatory framework for businesses and to drastically reduce administrative, regulatory and reporting burdens, particularly for SMEs.

On 26 February 2025, following the call from EU leaders, the Commission presented two packages: Omnibus I and Omnibus II, aimed at simplifying existing legislation in the areas of sustainability and investment, respectively.

The Commission proposed these omnibus packages to ease sustainability-related rules and promote the competitiveness of European businesses. The goal is to create a more favourable environment for investment, growth and the creation of quality jobs, without compromising the objectives of the Green Deal.

Specifically, the aim is to reduce administrative burdens by 25% (and by 35% for SMEs), by reviewing rules considered excessive, overlapping or disproportionate. The proposed changes concern key directives such as the CSRD, the CSDDD, the CBAM, and the InvestEU regulation. All of this is in line with the recommendations of the aforementioned reports and the European Competitiveness Compass.

Useful links for further information

Council of the EU press release on 14/04/2025: link European Parliament press release on 03/04/2025: link Q&As on the Omnibus I and II Simplification Packages: link

Against Squatting in Barcelona

The Provincial Court of Barcelona has changed its stance regarding squatting and now considers that "cutting off or refusing to pay utilities for squatters who forcefully occupy properties will not constitute a crime of coercion". The courts have also clarified that it must be "verified that the conditions that originally justified the measure stillapply," referring to Real Decreto-ley 11/2020 and Real Decreto-ley 1/2025, which extend the extraordinary suspension of evictions for 'vulnerable' individuals.

However, this change is limited to specific circumstances. First, these measures only apply in cases where the squatter has taken possession by force—they do not apply to tenants who fail to pay rent (which would still constitute coercion). Second, it must be proven that the squatters are not in a vulnerable situation or that their actions amount to'true abuse.' Finally, this ruling only applies in Barcelona and Girona, as the rest of Spain has not yet adopted this legal shift.

The courts are debating the interpretation of the law and the reality faced by citizens. While it is true that some cases of squatting stem from necessity, it is equally true that legitimate property owners often feel abandoned. This is why the decision has been made to protect owners from those who exploit legal loopholes (fraus legis) to takeadvantage of laws originally designed to protect genuinely vulnerable individuals. This could mark the beginning of the end for the government's anti-eviction policies. Time will tell whether this approach spreads to other Spanish courts.

US TAX FORMS: WHICH ONES DOES YOUR COMPANY NEED TO SUBMIT?

Understanding and complying with tax obligations in the United States is fundamental to any company’s success and legal compliance. Below, we detail the main tax forms your company may need to submit, including descriptions, who must file and important dates.

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CHECK IF YOUR COMPANY IS OBLIGED TO PRESENT THE ANNUAL REPORT

Property taxes in the US are one of the main sources of revenue for local governments in the United States, and are essential for funding public services such as education, infrastructure, security and health. In 2022, these taxes represented approximately 27.4% of total state and local tax collections, surpassing other sources of tax revenue.

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NR-01: MENTAL HEALTH IN COMPANIES AND THE DEADLINE FOR COMPLIANCE

The recent update of Regulatory Standard No. 01 (NR-01), through MTE Ordinance No. 1,419 of August 28, 2024, brought important changes that directly impact companies in terms of Occupational Risk Management (ORM). One of the main changes is the obligation to include the management of psychosocial risks in the workplace, in the preparation and implementation of the Risk Management Program (PGR).

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BRAZIL GROWS FOR THE 4TH CONSECUTIVE YEAR; GROWTH IN 2024 EXCEEDS FORECAST, HIGHLIGHTS PLANNING

Brazil's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew 0.2% in the fourth quarter of this year compared to the third and 3.4% in all of 2024 compared to 2023, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) reported this Friday (7/3). The Ministry of Planning and Budget assesses that the result was positive, “the fourth year of consecutive growth after the peak of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Brazilian economy and above market expectations at the beginning of 2024”, according to a note published by the Executive Secretariat.

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BRAZIL CLOSES DEAL WITH VIETNAM AND OPENS MARKET FOR BEEF

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva announced the opening of the Vietnamese market for Brazilian beef. The agreement was signed during a state visit to Hanoi and is part of the 2025-2030 Action Plan of the Brazil-Vietnam Strategic Partnership, and is considered an important step forward to boost exports and attract investment to the agro-industrial sector.

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BRAZIL WILL HAVE TWO MORE AIRLINES OPERATING IN 2025

Brazil will have two new airlines in operation this year: Avion Express and Total Linhas Aéreas. Both have obtained the Air Operator Certificate (COA) from the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC). The information was published by the IG portal.

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STRIKE RAISES R$77 MILLION AND ARRIVES IN BRAZIL; SUSTINERI PISCIS RAISES R$9.39 MILLION: THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK IN THE ECOSYSTEM

This week, we talked about the arrival in Brazil of Strike , a Uruguayan startup founded by "good hacker" Santiago Rosenblatt, which raised R$77 million in a Series A round and will use part of the capital to start operations here.

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BRAZIL STANDS OUT IN THE GROWING GOVTECH MARKET

In terms of technological advances applied to the public sector, Brazil stands out as a protagonist in the GovTech ecosystem . Just like a gear that adjusts and evolves in response to the need for movement, the Brazilian market for technological solutions for governments has demonstrated accelerated and consistent growth, driven by a combination of internal and external factors.

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La Commissione Europea ha adottato un nuovo pacchetto di misure di semplificazione (c.d. “Omnibus I e II”) volto a rafforzare la competitività UE e liberare capacità di investimento aggiuntiva, riducendo gli oneri amministrativi di almeno il 25% e quelli per le PMI di almeno il 35%.

Si tratta di una semplificazione di vasta portata nei settori dell’informativa sulla finanza sostenibile, del dovere di diligenza ai fini della sostenibilità, della tassonomia dell’UE, del meccanismo di adeguamento del carbonio alle frontiere, dei programmi di investimento europei.

Più precisamente esso si articola in:

Una proposta di Direttiva che modifica la CSRD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive) e la CSDDD (Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive); Una proposta (c.d. “Stop the clock”) che posticipa l’applicazione di tutti gli obblighi di rendicontazione previsti dalla CSRD per le imprese tenute a riportare nel 2026 e 2027 (le cosiddette imprese della seconda e terza wave), e che rinvia di un anno – al 2028 – sia il termine di recepimento sia la prima fase di applicazione della CSDDD; Una bozza di atto delegato che modifica gli atti delegati sulla Tassonomia relativi alle informazioni da divulgare e ai criteri climatici e ambientali, attualmente sottoposta a consultazione pubblica; Una proposta di Regolamento che modifica il Regolamento sul Meccanismo di Adeguamento del Carbonio alle Frontiere (C-BAM); Una proposta di Regolamento che modifica il Regolamento InvestEU.

Modifiche agli obblighi di informativa della CSRD e della Tassonomia dell’UE

Concentrare gli obblighi di informativa sulle imprese di più grandi dimensioni e garantire che tali obblighi non si ripercuotano sulle imprese più piccole della catena del valore; Posticipare di due anni (fino al 2028) gli obblighi di informativa per le imprese tenute a comunicare le informazioni a partire dal 2026 o dal 2027 (c.d. seconda e terza wave); Ridurre l’onere degli obblighi di informativa relativa alla Tassonomia dell’UE e limitarlo alle imprese di maggiori dimensioni; Introdurre una soglia di rilevanza finanziaria per la comunicazione in materia di Tassonomia e ridurre di circa il 70% i modelli da utilizzare; Semplificare i criteri del DNSH più complessi per la prevenzione e la riduzione dell’inquinamento in relazione all’uso e alla presenza di sostanze chimiche; Adeguare l’indicatore Green Asset Ratio (GAR): le banche potranno escludere dal denominatore del GAR le esposizioni relative a imprese che non rientrano nell’ambito di applicazione futuro della CSRD.

Semplificazione degli obblighi di dovuta diligenza della CSDDD

Concentrare gli obblighi di dovuta diligenza sui partner commerciali diretti (sono dunque esclusi quelli indiretti); Portare da 1 a 5 anni la frequenza delle valutazioni periodiche e del monitoraggio dei partner commerciali; Limitare la quantità di informazioni che possono essere richieste alle PMI da parte delle grandi imprese nell’ambito della mappatura della catene di valore; Rinvio di un anno (26 luglio 2028) per le imprese obbligate ad adottare gli obblighi di dovuta diligenza entro il 2027, ossia le imprese con oltre 5.000 dipendenti e fatturato netto a livello mondiale superiore a 1.500.000.000 EUR nell’ultimo esercizio precedente al 26 luglio 2027; Anticipare di un anno l’adozione delle linee guida (luglio 2026); Modificare le condizioni di responsabilità civile dell’UE.

Semplificazione del meccanismo CBAM

Al fine di esentare i piccoli importatori dagli obblighi CBAM (per lo più PMI e persone fisiche), viene fissata una nuova soglia annua cumulativa CBAM pari a 50 tonnellate per importatore; Generale semplificazione delle norme, comprese quelle relative al calcolo delle emissioni incorporate e gli obblighi di rendicontazione e rafforzamento delle norme contro le elusioni e gli abusi; Estensione dell’ambito di applicazione del CBAM, in particolare alle merci a valle, attraverso una nuova proposta legislativa all’inizio del 2026.